Can VBG analysis replace ABG analysis in emergency care?
Blood Gas Analysis 臨床主要用來評估病患的 Respiratory or Metabolic conditions:
病患是否缺氧、呼吸衰竭、需呼吸器,有無/何種酸鹼異常,對治療有無反應…
VBG 的 PvO2 無臨床價值。除此之外,PvCO2, venous pH & HCO3 可用來評估 ventilation and/or acid-base status;SvO2 可用在 severe sepsis or septic shock (EGDT) 治療指引。
VBG 轉換 ABG 校正:
Central
|
Peripheral
| |
pH
|
+ 0.03 to 0.05
|
+ 0.02 to 0.04
|
pCO2
|
- 4 to 5 mmHg
|
- 3 to 8 mmHg
|
HCO3
|
=
|
- 1 to 2 meq/L
|
CASE 1:
26歲女性,DM病史。上吐下瀉兩天,急診就醫
Pulse 120, BP 100, RR 30. PE 無明顯異常
Bedside glucose show ‘Hi’
VBG: pH 7.26, pCO2 16, HCO3 7.1, K 3.8, BE −14, lactate 7.2
pH↓, pCO2↓, HCO3 ↓ →metabolic acidosis
加上 glucose ‘Hi’ 可診斷 DKA
CASE 2:
74歲男性,COPD病史。「感冒」後 呼吸急促,急診就醫。
休息時會喘,僅能講簡短字句。
Pulse 125, BP 140, RR 35, SpO2 86% on air
Chest examination: generally reduced breath sounds with scattered rhonchi
VBG: pH 7.16, pCO2 82.6, HCO3 28.8
pH↓, pCO2↑, HCO3 near normal
診斷:COPD with acute hypercarbia and respiratory failure
治療:ventilatory support with non-invasive ventilation.
CASE 2: A VARIATION
Symptoms/Signs are the same
Pulse 110, BP 140, RR 30 with SpO2 86% on air
VBG: pH 7.45, pCO2 42 and HCO3 28.7
VBG pCO2< 45 mmHg 可排除臨床有意義的 hypercarbia
Sensitivity 100% (95% CI 97% to 100%) & NPV 100% (97% to 100%)
此病患沒有acute respiratory failure 也沒有 significantly hypercarbia
VBG 的臨床侷限
血壓不穩或休克病患,仍以 ABG優先
若 VBG data 無法解釋臨床症狀,抽 ABG 確認
【摘要】
- VBG 的 PvCO2, pH & HCO3 與 ABG 差異不大,可用來評估 ventilation 和 acid-base status
- VBG pCO2< 45 mmHg 可排除臨床有意義的 hypercarbia
- VBG的 PvO2 無臨床價值,但可用 pulse oximerty 來評估 oxygenation (O2 saturation)
- venous 與 artery 的 CO-Hb 差異 < ±2%,可相互取代
- 大部分的臨床情況下,可以根據 VBG 決定病患的診斷與處置。除非病患血壓不穩/休克,或 VBG data 無法解釋臨床症狀,需再抽 ABG 確認
Reference:
- Emerg Med J 2014;0:1–3. Can VBG analysis replace ABG analysis in emergency care?
- UpToDate. VBG and other alternatives to ABG. Literature review current through: Sep 2016. This topic last updated: Feb 29, 2016.
- Ann Emerg Med 1995;33:105-109. Relationship between venous and arterial carboxyhemoglobin levels in patients with suspected carbon monoxide poisoning.
- AliEM PV card. ABG vs VBG
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